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Các phương pháp đặc trưng vật liệu

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Thứ bảy, 12 Tháng năm 2007

OCW.MIT - Bài viết này sẽ giúp các bạn nắm được các công cụ thiết yếu để xác định đặc trưng vật liệu, bao gồm phân tích nhiệt vi sai (DSC), nhiễu xạ tia X (XRD), hiển vi đầu dò quét (AFM/STM), hiển vi điện tử quét (SEM), UV/Vis, phổ Raman và biến đổi fourier FTIR, phổ quang điện tử tia X (XPS), từ kế mẫu rung (VSM) và tán xạ ánh sáng động học (DLS).

Each lab experiment is designed to give students first-hand experience with the concepts developed in the lecture subject 3.012. In addition, students gain familiarity with common tools for materials characterization, including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning probe microscopy (AFM/STM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV/Vis, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS).

More:  Chuỗi bài viết về thí nghiệm Vật liệu, đo đạc các thông số đặc trưng

To prepare for specific labs, students are provided with background notes tailored to the experiment to be conducted. The notes, linked in the table below, provide background information and suggest supplementary readings, but do not generally detail the specific experiments to be conducted, or the procedures involved.

Students are responsible for recording procedure, data, data analysis in their laboratory notebooks, and build their formal laboratory reports based on these recordings.

Grading Approach for Lab Notebooks (PDF)

Lab files.
THEMES	TOPICS	EXPERIMENTS	INSTRUCTORS
Lab Week 1
α Properties of Electrons in Materials	α1 Electron Energy Levels	XPS Study of Core and Valence Electron Levels in Metals, Insulators and S.C.'s (PDF)	Prof. Anne Mayes
	α2 Electron Wave-Functions	Visualizing Electron Wavefunctions in Au and Graphite by STM (PDF)	Gretchen DeVries
	α3 Electron Populations	Study of Electronic Conductivity vs. T for Semiconductors and Metals (PDF)	Elisa Alonso
β Quantifying Thermodynamic Properties of Materials	β1 Thermal Energy Storage	DSC Study of Lauric/Stearic Acid Mixtures as Phase Change Materials (PDF)	Geetha Berera
	β2 Heat Capacity	DSC Study of Heat Capacity of Different Materials (PDF)	Meri Treska
	β3 Magnetic Work	VSM Study of Soft and Hard Magnetic Alloys (PDF)	Jorge Feuchtwanger
γ Materials as "Particle in a Box" Models	γ1 F-centers	X-ray Generation and Optical Study of Alkali Halide F-centers (PDF)	Prof. Linn Hobbs
	γ2 F-centers	X-ray Generation and Optical Study of Alkali Halide F-centers (PDF)	Joe Bullard
	γ3 Quantum Dots	Synthesis and Optical Study of CdSe Quantum Dots (PDF)	Prof. Francesco Stellacci
Lab Week 2
α Quantifying Thermodynamic Properties of Materials	α1 Magnetic Work	VSM Study of Hard and Soft Magnetic Alloys (PDF)	Jorge Feuchtwanger
	α2 Mechanical Work	AFM/DSC Study of Protein Denaturation (PDF)	Gretchen DeVries
	α3 Entropy of Melting	DSC Study of Supercooled Metals (PDF)	Geetha Berera
β Vibrations in Materials	β1 Phonon Curves	FT-IR from Oligomers to Polymers; Ball and String Models (PDF)	Prof. Francesco Stellacci
	β2 Temperature and Vibration	Measurement of T by Raman Spectroscopy (PDF)	Prof. Anne Mayes and Andrea Centrone
	β3 Mechanical Strength and Vibration	Ultrasonic Measurement of Modulus in Alkali Borate Glasses (PDF)	Prof. Linn Hobbs
γ Understanding Bonds	γ1 Bonding and Energy Levels	XPS Study of Core Electron Binding Energy Shifts in Polymers (PDF)	Ming Tang
	γ2 Delocalization	UV/Vis Study of Band Gap in Benzene, Anthracene, Pentacene, C₆₀ (PDF)	Joe Bullard
	γ3 Bond Strengths	FTIR Study of Bond Strengths: C-C, C=C, C-O, C-N, C-F, C-H, C=O (PDF)	Meri Treska
Lab Week 3
α Crystalline Structures	α1 Radius Ratios in Ionic Crystals	XRD Study of Piezo- and Ferroelectric Oxide Structures (PDF)	Prof. Linn Hobbs
	α2 Derivative Structures	XRD of Crystals with Covalent, Ionic and Metallic Bonding (PDF)	Prof. Anne Mayes
	α3 Crystal Polymorphs	XRD Study of Cubic-Tetragonal Transition in Perovskites (PDF)^#	Prof. Francesco Stellacci
β Visualizing Gibbs Free Energy	β1 Batteries	OCV Study of Pb-acid Battery (PDF)	Meri Treska
	β2 Fuel Cells	OCV Study of PEM Fuel Cells (PDF)	Elisa Alonso
	β3 Corrosion	Anodic Corrosion and The EMF Series (PDF)	Geetha Berera
γ Phase Transitions	γ1 Ordering in Liquid Crystals	Polarized Light Microscopy/DSC Study of Liquid Crystals (file not available) Kuebler, S. M., K. Mohanalingam, and J. W. Perry. "Two-Photon Microfabrication of Switchable Diffractive Optical Devices." Proceedings of the SPIE 5662 (2004): 83-88.	Gretchen DeVries
	γ2 Phase Separation	Cloud Point Study of Polystyrene/Methyl Cyclohexane (PDF - 1.3 MB) Slides (PDF) Bromberg, S., and K. A. Dill. "Solutions and Mixtures," and "Polymer Solutions." Chapter 15 and 31 in Molecular Driving Forces: Statistical Thermodynamics in Chemistry & Biology. New York, NY: Garland Publishing, 2002. ISBN: 0815320515.	Elizabeth Friend
	γ3 Ferromagnetic Transitions	VSM Study of Curie Temperatures (PDF)	Jorge Feuchtwanger
Lab Week 4
α Thermodynamics of Macromolecules	α1 Rubber Elasticity	Polymer Chains As Entropy Springs - Rubber Stretching Experiment and XRD Study (PDF) Tosaka, M., et al. "Orientation and Crystallization of Natural Rubber Network As Revealed by WAXD Using Synchrotron Radiation." Macromolecules 37 (2004): 3299-3309.	Gretchen DeVries
	α2 Miscibility Gaps	Cloud Point Measurements of PS/Methyl Cyclohexane (PDF - 1.3 MB) Slides (PDF)	Elizabeth Friend
	α3 Polymer Conformation	Dynamic Light Scattering Study of Polymer Chain Dimensions (PDF)	Prof. Francesco Stellacci
β Phase Diagrams	β1 Order-Disorder Transitions	X-ray Diffraction Study of Ordering in CoPt (PDF)	Meri Treska
	β2 Intermetallics	SEM Study of Binary Alloys (PDF)	Jorge Feuchtwanger
	β3 Eutectics	Eutectic Determination of an Organic Transistor Material (PDF)	Geetha Berera
γ Amorphous Materials	γ1 Short-range Order	XRD Study of Short-range Order in Acrylate Polymers (PDF)	Prof. Anne Mayes
	γ2 Glass Transitions	DSC Study of Glass Transitions in Acrylate Polymers (PDF)	Ming Tang
	γ3 Free Volume	Free Volume Dependence of Speed of Sound in Borate Glasses (PDF)	Prof. Linn Hobbs